Value architectures for sustainability: islamic and cooperative banks models through organizational identities, ethical principles, and common good-oriented values

The aim of this study is to undertake a thorough comparative analysis of the business and organisational models of European cooperative credit banks and Islamic financial institutions. The primary objective is to identify the similarities and, above all, the profound differences that emerge from their intrinsic organisational identities. The analysis is based on a methodology that examines key elements such as the guiding principles of banking, shareholder ownership and governance structures, commitment to social responsibility, ethical identity, focus on ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) criteria, decision-making processes and, finally, the overall business model. In particular, the exploration of organisational identity reveals that, despite operating in the same financial sector, these two types of institutions are shaped by distinct and often divergent values, cultures and ethical principles. This identity disjunction is pivotal in comprehending the idiosyncrasies of their respective business models, their operational priorities and the unique value propositions they offer in the global financial landscape. This paper makes a substantial contribution to the extant literature by proposing an innovative thesis on the nature of sustainable financial models and offering conclusions that further define their formula. Moreover, the document proffers concrete recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders involved in defining rules, guiding principles, values, and organisational elements for the development of sustainable finance.